They remain a first line treatment in the second trimester. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that while they can be used in the first trimester other options may be preferred. Įvidence of safety in early pregnancy is mixed as of 2017. Newborns of women given this drug late in pregnancy had a higher risk of developing neonatal jaundice. It however should not be used in late pregnancy due to the potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn. It is one of the few drugs commonly used in pregnancy to treat UTIs. Nitrofurantoin is pregnancy category B in the United States and pregnancy category A in Australia. Many or all strains of the following genera are resistant to nitrofurantoin: Īntibiotic susceptibility testing should always be performed to further elucidate the resistance profile of the particular strain of bacteria causing infection. It is used in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms. Nitrofurantoin has been shown to have good activity against: Nitrofurantoin is not recommended for the treatment of pyelonephritis, prostatitis, and intra-abdominal abscess, because of extremely poor tissue penetration and low blood levels. The efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treating UTIs combined with a low rate of bacterial resistance to this agent makes it one of the first-line agents for treating uncomplicated UTIs as recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance to other commonly used agents, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, has led to increased interest in using nitrofurantoin. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-80.Current uses include the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and prophylaxis against UTIs in people prone to recurrent UTIs. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.Ĭall your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them: More commonįeeling of constant movement of self or surroundings Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth Red skin lesions, often with a purple center Weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feetīlistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin and mucous membranesīluish color of the fingernails, lips, skin, palms, or nail bedsīlurred vision or loss of vision, with or without eye painīulging soft spot on the head of an infantĬhange in the ability to see colors, especially blue or yellowĭiarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody Swelling of the face, mouth, hands, or feetīurning, numbness, tingling, or painful sensations Sudden trouble in swallowing or breathing Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: More common
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